Peptides

Buy researches pepetides and and other lab products at Live Lean Today. Peptides are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds. The covalent chemical bonds are formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another. The shortest peptides are dipeptides, consisting of 2 amino acids joined by a single peptide bond. A polypeptide is a long, continuous, and unbranched peptide chain. Hence, peptides fall under the broad chemical classes of biological oligomers and polymers.

Peptides have a wide range of applications in medicine and biotechnology. They regulate most physiological processes, acting at some sites as endocrine or paracrine signals and at others as neurotransmitters or growth factors. Insulin was the first therapeutic protein to be introduced to treat diabetes. There are sixty FDA approved peptide drugs in the market. 

Peptides are distinguished from proteins on the basis of size, and contain approximately 70 or fewer amino acids. Proteins consist of one or more polypeptides arranged in a biologically functional way, often bound to Ligands such as coenzymes and cofactors, or to another protein or other macromolecule (DNA, RNA. While aspects of the techniques that apply to peptides versus polypeptides and proteins differ, the size boundaries that distinguish peptides from polypeptides and proteins are not absolute.  Long peptides such as amyloid beta have been referred to as proteins, and smaller proteins like insulin have been considered peptides.

Amino acids that have been incorporated into peptides are termed residues due to the release of either a hydrogen ion from the amine end or a hydroxyl ion from the carboxyl end, or both, as a water molecule is released during formation of each amide bond. All peptides except cyclic peptides have an N-terminal and C-terminal residue at the end of the peptide.

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